Nicotine enhances the rewarding effects of other environmental stimuli; this reward-enhancement encourages and maintains nicotine consumption. Nicotine use precedes other psychostimulant use, but receiving a stimulant prescription also predicts future smoking. Previously, no study has investigated effects of drug exposure order in reward-enhancement, nor with nicotine and d-amphetamine. Thus, we aimed to investigate how drug exposure order impacted the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine and d-amphetamine, alone and in combination.
A holistic public health surveillance approach can help capture the public's tobacco and marijuana-related attitudes and behaviors. Using publicly available data from Twitter, this is one of the first studies to describe key topics of discussions related to each intersection (e-cigarette, combustible tobacco, and marijuana) of the Triangulum framework.
C-shapes are stereotyped movements in planarians that are elicited by diverse stimuli (e.g. acidity, excitatory neurotransmitters, psychostimulants, and pro-convulsants). Muscle contraction and seizure contribute to the expression of C-shape movements, but a causative role for pain is understudied and unclear. Here, using nicotine-induced C-shapes as the endpoint, we tested the efficacy of three classes of antinociceptive compounds - an opioid, NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel antagonist.
Very few cigarette smokers transition to smokeless tobacco use, and among those who do, dual use is more common than exclusive smokeless tobacco use. Further, the majority of exclusive cigarette smokers who transition to dual use at Wave 4 continue smoking cigarettes at Wave 5, either as dual users or as exclusive smokers.
Tweets stating information and misinformation that e-cigarettes were as harmful or more harmful than smoking regular cigarettes may receive higher engagement than tweets indicating e-cigarettes were completely harmless.
This study found an association between ENDS and cannabis use among adolescents in Appalachian Tennessee exists. Additionally, peer use and academic performance were associated with ENDS use. The findings have implications for public health intervention planning to address not only ENDS but also substance use among Appalachian youth.
In this study, xerostomia was not independently associated with e-cigarette use but was one potential health concern of adolescent cannabis and combustible tobacco use.
Previous studies indicate tobacco use was more prevalent among firefighters and law enforcement personnel than in the US adult population. Trends of smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among these first responders are unknown. We examined trends in current smoking and SLT use among US firefighters and law enforcement personnel and compared smoking and SLT use prevalence in firefighters and law enforcement personnel to US adults in non-first-responder occupations.
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